GRAM PANCHAYAT
GRAM PANCHAYAT(village council) is a Village based Self Government in India.The word Panchayat comes from Sanskrit panch meaning five. This is because such councils originally are consisted of five members .Gram Panchayat is the Grass root level statutory institution of Rural Self Government.State Government establishes a Panchayet in the name of a particular village.Members are elected by the base of public votes.A citizen, aged 18 , can participate in this election.prompts to the activity of politics.There was no details on local self Government in the main Constitution of India.In the Principles of Nirdesmulak niti has a promise to built Panchayet.In the list of the State in Seventh Schedule the Construction of Local System of Self-Government has been scripted.
In the month of December in 1992 Amendments nos 73 and 74 were made in the matter of Panchayet and Purosabha(Municipality).Structure,facts relating to election are explained by 73 no Amendments in eleventh Schedule.Bill relating to Municipality is appendix ed by 74th Amendments in 12th schedule.
Structure
At least 5 and not more than 25 are to be elected in each village.Member of Panchayet Samity from that village can also be a member of that village Panchayet except the President and Deputy President.
PANCHAYAT
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First meeting is organised by B.D.O.(Block Development Officer)
In that Meeting members select a head and a vice for the Panchayet by secret vote or ballot.
Head or Vice can be dismissed. by the majority votes of the electeted candidates.
In that meeting Sabhapati can not lead the meeting for the special purpose relating to the dismissal Pradhan.The chief is called Pradhan or Sarpanch in Gram Panchayat. There is a secretary employed by the state government to assist the Pradhan.The secretary is the commucation between the Pradhan or Sarpanch and the B.D.O.(block development officer) ,representative of the state government.
ELIGIBILITY
Member of a Gram Panchayet will not be a be a member of Naya Panchayet, Panchayet Samity,Zilla Porishad or Municipality.
He is not a a salaried employee of Central Government,State Government,Gram Panchayet,Panchayet Samity or Zilla Porishad
If a Goverment co-ordination or or an Organisation lead by Government dismisses one ,he will not attain the eligibility for Panchayet Election.
A mania declared by court,bankrupt or being punished continuously for six months are not eligible for the post.
If a member of panchayet is proved to be a corrupt he will not be able to participate as a candidate.
A person can not submit tax,customs or toll, can not join panchayet. in rural self government.
There is certain reservation for the women in the participation of Panchayat election .
VALIDITY
Gram Panchayet is organised for five years .Before the date of collapse, general election of gram panchayet will be organised.General election means the combined elections of Gram Panchayet,Panchayet Samity,Mahakuma Porishad or Zilla Porishad or any two or more than that Gram Panchayets ,Panchayet Samity,Mahakuma Porishad or Zilla Porishad.
Time may be expanded for 6 years for any part or locality if circumstances of that area is guessed to obstruct the election.But Government should notify in a Government Gadget.
If Goverment needs more than six month expansion then it should have filed a proposal before State Legislative Assembly .State Legislative Assembly may do necessary amendments to that proposal.
RESIGNATION
If a member wishes to resign the post before the date he can lodge a written resignation to the local B.D.O.(Block Development Officer)
B.D.O. makes all members of that particular Panchayet aware of this fact within 30 days.
For moral degradation,being punished for more than 6 months in jails,due tax ,absence in consecutive three meetings in the Panchayet for which one is elected ,S.D.O.(Sub Division Officer) can dismiss a member.
But he has to be given a chance to show cause for his misbehavior.
If reply is not received then he can appeal to the definite Authority engaged by the State Government .
The decision taken by this authority will be granted as final decision.
Works
To organise the meetings of Gramsabha and Grampanchayat is the is the main responsibility of a Gram Panchayat.
Gramsabha –
For each and every Gram Panchayeta Gramsabha must be conducted.Persons having names in the electoral rolls of State’s Legislative Assembly will form the Gramsabha.Each Gram Panchayet will convene meeting annually and half yearly for each and every villages it is consisted of.Panchayat may summon more than two meetings.Place,date and time will be fixed by Panchayet. President (Pradhan) will preside over the meeting.In case of his absence Deputy President(Upo Pradhan) will preside over.But if both are absent ,then the member from that GramSabha elected to the Gram Panchayet will preside over the meeting.Members present there must be enlisted and the functions of the sabha must be written officially.The decision taken in Gram Sabha will be considered in meeting in Gram Panchayet.This along with arrangements will be placed on the report of the Gram Panchayet.,
Besides a Gram Panchayat does the following duties :
construction and repairing work of roads in villages
setting up up and repairing of the village markets,
fairs,
collection of tax,
festivals and celebrations.
street lights,
Keeping a record of births, deaths and marriages in the village.
public health and hygiene
free education.and
drinking water.sanitation
plantation
digging ponds,ditch,dams
drainage
soil reservation
solution for problem related to land dispute primarily
solution against problem of field dispute primarily.
Earning
Gram Panchayat earns its money(Dollar)for expending in terms of
grant from the State Government in proportion of land revenue and
the grants from the Zila Parishad
property tax
professional tax,
pilgrimage taxes,
animal trade,
Purpose of Gram Panchayet
Always the local mob become aware of the administrative authority and keep watching closely the bad administration.Corruption is restrained.They understand what is wrong and what is wrong.It becomes easy to uproot the fault.
They lessen the functions and activities of the Central Government and the State Government.Help to engage themselves in greater subjects.
Wastage of money is marginally controlled by their active participation.They patrol it because they know well that they bear a part of the expenditure of the Self Government.
Last but not least this is a stage for the employment of would be politicians who collect experiences from this step learn politics practically and theoretically.
Gram Panchayat is the power-point of direct rural politics.One is here only to serve the people.He should remember always that , ‘government is by the people,of the people and for the people’ and people is the god father of him or her.He should have gather patience ,compassion,sympathy ,sense of humor,improvement and development.
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